{"id":519,"date":"2026-10-29T18:41:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T10:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/?p=519"},"modified":"2026-10-29T18:43:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T10:43:32","slug":"ubuntu-linux-learn1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/2026\/10\/29\/ubuntu-linux-learn1\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu Linux 20 \u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9762\u5411 Linux \u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u6309\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5 \u2192 \u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 \u2192 \u6613\u6df7\u8fa8\u6790 \u2192 \u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b \u2192 \u81ea\u6d4b\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9879\u76ee<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u9002\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><td>Ubuntu\u3001Debian \u7b49\u57fa\u4e8e APT \u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shell<\/td><td>Bash<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4<\/td><td>20 \u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u66f4\u65b0\u65e5\u671f<\/td><td>2026-10-29<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u90e8\u5206<\/th><th>\u5185\u5bb9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u4e00<\/td><td>20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u603b\u89c8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e8c<\/td><td>\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u57fa\u7840<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e09<\/td><td>20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u56db<\/td><td>\u6613\u6df7\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u62a5\u9519<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e94<\/td><td>\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7528 20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u516d<\/td><td>\u81ea\u6d4b\u9898\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e03<\/td><td>\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u300120 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u603b\u89c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u901f\u67e5\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u3001PID \u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5747\u4e3a\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u793a\u4f8b\u7f16\u53f7\u5f53\u4f5c\u672c\u673a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5e8f\u53f7<\/th><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u529f\u80fd\u6982\u8981<\/th><th>\u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u6cd5<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td><code>pwd<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>pwd<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><code>ls<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td><code>ls -lah<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td><code>cd<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>cd ~\/linux_practice<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><code>mkdir<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>mkdir -p python\/day01<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td><code>touch<\/code><\/td><td>\u65b0\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/td><td><code>touch main.py<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><code>cp<\/code><\/td><td>\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>cp -i a.txt b.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><code>mv<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/td><td><code>mv -i a.txt backup\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><code>rm<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>rm -i test.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td><code>cat<\/code><\/td><td>\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u62fc\u63a5\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td><code>cat -n notes.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td><code>nano<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c<\/td><td><code>nano notes.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td><code>echo<\/code><\/td><td>\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/td><td><code>echo \"$HOME\"<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td><code>grep<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u884c<\/td><td><code>grep -in \"error\" slam.log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td><code>find<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>find . -type f -name \"*.yaml\"<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td><code>less<\/code><\/td><td>\u5206\u9875\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c<\/td><td><code>less -N slam.log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td><code>chmod<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/td><td><code>chmod u+x hello.sh<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td><code>sudo<\/code><\/td><td>\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><td><code>sudo whoami<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td><code>apt<\/code><\/td><td>\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td><td><code>apt show tree<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td><code>ps<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u7167<\/td><td><code>ps -p 1234<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td><code>kill<\/code><\/td><td>\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/td><td><code>kill 1234<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td><code>systemctl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u5355\u5143<\/td><td><code>systemctl status systemd-journald<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\uff1apwd \u2192 ls \u2192 cd \u2192 find\n\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\uff1acp \u5907\u4efd \u2192 nano \u7f16\u8f91 \u2192 cat \u68c0\u67e5\n\u6392\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1agrep \u7b5b\u9009 \u2192 less \u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\n\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1anano \u7f16\u5199 \u2192 chmod \u6388\u6743 \u2192 .\/\u811a\u672c\u540d\n\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1aps \u6838\u5bf9 \u2192 kill \u53d1\u4fe1\u53f7 \u2192 ps \u9a8c\u8bc1\n\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1aapt \u67e5\u8be2 \u2192 sudo apt update \u2192 sudo apt install\n\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\uff1asystemctl status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bash \u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>user@host:~\/linux_practice$\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u90e8\u5206<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>@<\/code><\/td><td>\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>host<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>~\/linux_practice<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b80\u5199<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>$<\/code><\/td><td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b<code>root<\/code> \u8d26\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a <code>#<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pwd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c<code>whoami<\/code> \u6bd4\u89c2\u5bdf <code>$<\/code> \u6216 <code>#<\/code> \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7a97\u53e3\uff0cShell \u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u672c\u6587\u6863\u4f7f\u7528 Bash \u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<code>cd<\/code> \u5c5e\u4e8e Shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c<code>ls<\/code> \u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7ec4\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u547d\u4ee4  \u9009\u9879  \u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l hello.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>ls<\/code> \u662f\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c<code>-l<\/code> \u662f\u9009\u9879\uff0c<code>hello.sh<\/code> \u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>pwd<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9009\u9879\u4e0d\u80fd\u51ed\u4e60\u60ef\u6539\u5199\u3002<\/strong> <code>ls -l<\/code> \u4e0e <code>ls l<\/code> \u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<code>ps aux<\/code> \u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u5e26\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf\u7684 BSD \u98ce\u683c\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0 <code>-<\/code>\u3002\u5404\u547d\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e94\u5206\u522b\u67e5\u9605\u624b\u518c\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/ls.1.en.html\" title=\"ls manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1als<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/ps.1.en.html\" title=\"procps ps manual\">ps<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5199\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>\/<\/code><\/td><td>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u4f5c\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/td><td><code>\/home\/username<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>~<\/code><\/td><td>Bash \u4e2d\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>cd ~<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>.<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>find . -type f<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>..<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>cd ..<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>.\/\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/code><\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>.\/hello.sh<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td><code>echo \"A\" &gt; a.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e<\/td><td><code>echo \"B\" &gt;&gt; a.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>$\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/td><td><code>echo \"$HOME\"<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>&amp;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><td><code>sleep 600 &amp;<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\u4ece <code>\/<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/home\/username\/ros2_ws<\/code>\u3002<strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>src\/slam.py<\/code>\u3002<code>~\/ros2_ws<\/code> \u5e76\u975e\u4ee5 <code>\/<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46 Bash \u5c55\u5f00 <code>~<\/code> \u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/path_resolution.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux pathname resolution\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">Bash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 \u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd \"$HOME\/My Documents\"\necho \"$HOME\"\necho '$HOME'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u8005\u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/home\/username<\/code>\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9762\u6587\u5b57 <code>$HOME<\/code>\u3002<strong>\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5 \u7ba1\u9053<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps aux | grep '&#91;s]lam_toolbox'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684 <code>|<\/code> \u662f\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u628a\u5de6\u4fa7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684<strong>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u4fa7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4e0a\u4f8b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5217\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192 \u7b5b\u9009\u5339\u914d\u884c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7531 Shell \u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f <code>ps<\/code>\u3001<code>grep<\/code>\u3001<code>echo<\/code> \u72ec\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u666e\u901a <code>|<\/code> \u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u4e00\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Redirections.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Redirections\">\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u300120 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7ae0\u6309\u5e8f\u53f7\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ecb\u7ecd 20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u542b\u7528\u9014\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u5747\u4e3a\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u987b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u672c\u673a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">01\uff5cpwd\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aPrint Working Directory\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pwd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\u5f62\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/username\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/pwd.1.en.html\" title=\"pwd manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1apwd \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\npwd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/username\/linux_practice\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a<\/strong> \u4fee\u6539\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7528 <code>pwd<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u4f7f\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">02\uff5cls\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aList\u3002<\/strong> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4ee5 <code>.<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/ls.1.en.html\" title=\"ls manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1als \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7528\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ls<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -a<\/code><\/td><td>\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6761\u76ee\u4ee5\u53ca <code>.<\/code>\u3001<code>..<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -lh<\/code><\/td><td>\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6613\u8bfb\u5355\u4f4d\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -lah<\/code><\/td><td>\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 <code>-l<\/code>\u3001<code>-a<\/code>\u3001<code>-h<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -ld lesson04<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b <code>lesson04<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ls -l lesson04<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b <code>lesson04<\/code> \u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u89c1\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-rw-r-- 1 username username 13 Oct 27 09:54 cp_backup.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5185\u5bb9<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-rw-rw-r--<\/code><\/td><td>\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>1<\/code><\/td><td>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a <code>username<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a <code>username<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>13<\/code><\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u8ba1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>Oct 27 09:54<\/code><\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cp_backup.txt<\/code><\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a <code>-<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3a <code>d<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5176\u540e\u4e5d\u4f4d\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e09\u7ec4\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c 15 \u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u8bfb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u7684 <code>4096<\/code> \u6216 <code>4.0K<\/code> \u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>total<\/code> \u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5217\u6761\u76ee\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u7684\u5408\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b\u663e\u793a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd8\u53d7\u9009\u9879\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u3002<a title=\"GNU Coreutils\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/coreutils.html\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aGNU Coreutils<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">03\uff5ccd\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aChange Directory\u3002<\/strong> \u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Bourne Shell Builtins\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u7684 cd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>cd ~\/ros2_ws<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 ROS 2 \u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd \/home\/username\/ros2_ws<\/code><\/td><td>\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd ros2_ws<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u5165\u540d\u4e3a <code>ros2_ws<\/code> \u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd ..<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd ~<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd<\/code><\/td><td>\u672a\u7ed9\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de <code>$HOME<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd -<\/code><\/td><td>\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u8def\u5f84<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cd \/<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/ros2_ws\npwd\ncd ..\npwd\ncd -\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a <code>pwd<\/code> \u4f9d\u6b21\u5e94\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/username\/ros2_ws\n\/home\/username\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<code>cd ..<\/code> \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e <code>cd ~<\/code>\u3002<\/strong> \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6070\u597d\u662f\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">04\uff5cmkdir\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aMake Directory\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mkdir lesson04\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa <code>lesson04<\/code>\u3002\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u793a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u666e\u901a <code>mkdir<\/code> \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/mkdir.1.en.html\" title=\"mkdir manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1amkdir \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mkdir -p python\/day01\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-p<\/code> \u4f1a\u8865\u5efa\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ec5\u56e0\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u800c\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u82e5\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7f3a\u5c11\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\nmkdir -p mkdir_review\/a\/b\nls -ld mkdir_review mkdir_review\/a mkdir_review\/a\/b\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5173\u952e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>mkdir<\/code> \u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\uff0c<code>ls -ld \u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/code> \u8d1f\u8d23\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">05\uff5ctouch\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>touch<\/code> \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/touch.1.en.html\" title=\"touch manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1atouch \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>touch main.py\ntouch test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>touch main.py readme.txt\nls -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5747\u4e3a <code>0<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5bf9\u7167\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9700\u6c42<\/th><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u65b0\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>mkdir project<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u65b0\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>touch main.py<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td><code>nano main.py<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u9002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>.py<\/code> \u540e\u7f00\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 Python \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f <code>touch<\/code> \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8865\u5145\uff1a<code>stat \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/code> \u53ef\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<code>Modify<\/code> \u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<code>Access<\/code> \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<code>Change<\/code> \u662f\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/coreutils.html\" title=\"GNU Coreutils\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aGNU Coreutils<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">06\uff5ccp\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aCopy\u3002<\/strong> \u57fa\u672c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u6e90 \u2192 \u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/cp.1.en.html\" title=\"cp manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1acp \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp cp_source.txt cp_backup.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u590d\u5236\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u590d\u5236\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u590d\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u540c\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u590d\u5236\u5230\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u987b\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp -i cp_source.txt backup\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-i<\/code> \u4ec5\u5728\u5c06\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u90fd\u8be2\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp -r lesson04 lesson04_backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-r<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6267\u884c\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/th><th>\u901a\u5e38\u7ed3\u679c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>lesson04_backup<\/code> \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u653e\u5165\u590d\u5236\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>lesson04_backup<\/code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td>\u5728\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u590d\u5236\u51fa <code>lesson04<\/code>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210 <code>lesson04_backup\/lesson04\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u63d0\u793a\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/strong> \u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5bb9\u7eb3\u590d\u5236\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5d4c\u5957\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">07\uff5cmv\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aMove\u3002<\/strong> \u540c\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/mv.1.en.html\" title=\"mv manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1amv \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9700\u6c42<\/th><th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/td><td><code>mv -i old_name.txt new_name.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><td><code>mv -i test.txt backup\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u6539\u540d<\/td><td><code>mv -i test.txt backup\/test_backup.txt<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>cp<\/code> \u4e0e <code>mv<\/code> \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<code>cp<\/code> \u6210\u529f\u540e\u6e90\u8def\u5f84\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<code>mv<\/code> \u6210\u529f\u540e\u6e90\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u666e\u901a <code>mv<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\uff1b<code>mv -i<\/code> \u53ef\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u987b\u5148\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a <code>backup<\/code> \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">08\uff5crm\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aRemove\u3002<\/strong> <code>rm<\/code> \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u5165\u684c\u9762\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/rm.1.en.html\" title=\"rm manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1arm \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rm delete_me.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u4f8b\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 <code>delete_me.txt<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ea4\u4e92\u786e\u8ba4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rm -i important.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u73b0\u8be2\u95ee\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u8f93\u5165<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><th>\u7ed3\u679c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>y<\/code><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>\u786e\u8ba4\u5220\u9664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>n<\/code><\/td><td>No<\/td><td>\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>-i<\/code> \u53ea\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b89\u5168\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\/rm_practice\npwd\ntouch keep_review.txt\nrm -i keep_review.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be2\u95ee\u65f6\u8f93\u5165 <code>n<\/code> \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l keep_review.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e94\u4ecd\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-r<\/code> \u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c<code>-f<\/code> \u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u5e94\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u968f\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u52a0 <code>sudo<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bd5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">09\uff5ccat\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6216\u62fc\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aConcatenate\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/strong> \u6309\u53c2\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5373\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/cat.1.en.html\" title=\"cat manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1acat \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7528\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>cat notes.txt<\/code><\/td><td>\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cat a.txt b.txt<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cat -n notes.txt<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u884c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat -n notes.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67e5\u770b\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u6587\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u62fc\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c<code>cat<\/code> <strong>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8865\u6362\u884c<\/strong>\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u624d\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>cat<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u811a\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10\uff5cnano\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>nano<\/code> \u662f\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91 <code>.txt<\/code>\u3001<code>.py<\/code>\u3001<code>.sh<\/code>\u3001<code>.yaml<\/code> \u7b49\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nano-editor.org\/dist\/latest\/cheatsheet.html\" title=\"GNU nano shortcut overview\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aNano \u5b98\u65b9\u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nano notes.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c<strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e<\/strong>\u624d\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u9000\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Ctrl + O \u2192 Enter \u2192 Ctrl + X\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u64cd\u4f5c<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>Ctrl + O<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d1\u8d77\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>Enter<\/code><\/td><td>\u786e\u8ba4\u540d\u79f0\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>Ctrl + X<\/code><\/td><td>\u5173\u95ed\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u8f91\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1b\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u7684 <code>^O<\/code> \u8868\u793a <code>Ctrl + O<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd <code>O<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57 <code>0<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u5e95\u90e8\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u6309 <code>Ctrl + X<\/code> \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1a\u9009\u62e9 <code>N<\/code> \u653e\u5f03\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 <code>Y<\/code> \u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u5b58\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11\uff5cecho\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u5b57\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>echo<\/code> \u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u6362\u884c\u3002<code>$HOME<\/code> \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7531 Shell \u5148\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u518d\u4ea4\u7ed9 <code>echo<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Bash-Builtins.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Bash Builtins\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u7684 echo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo \"Hello Linux\"\necho \"$HOME\"\necho \"$XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540e\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 Ubuntu \u684c\u9762\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/username\nubuntu:GNOME\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u662f\u684c\u9762\u4f1a\u8bdd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u63a8\u65ad\u5177\u4f53\u7684 Ubuntu \u6216 GNOME \u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8986\u76d6\u4e0e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo \"First line\" &gt; message.txt\necho \"Second line\" &gt;&gt; message.txt\ncat -n message.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     1  First line\n     2  Second line\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/th><th>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6<\/th><th>\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6709\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u521b\u5efa<\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5148\u6e05\u7a7a\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u5165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6709\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u521b\u5efa<\/td><td>\u4ece\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u5c5e\u4e8e Shell \u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f <code>echo<\/code> \u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u9009\u9879\u3002\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 <code>&gt;<\/code> \u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Redirections.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Redirections\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\/echo_practice\necho \"I am learning Linux.\" &gt; echo_review.txt\necho \"I am learning ROS2.\" &gt;&gt; echo_review.txt\necho \"I am learning SLAM.\" &gt;&gt; echo_review.txt\ncat -n echo_review.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u5199\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u91cd\u5199\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u8986\u76d6\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c <code>&gt;&gt;<\/code> \u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u4fee\u8865\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6362\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5173\u4e8e 13 \u5b57\u8282\uff1a<\/strong> <code>Hello Ubuntu<\/code> \u5171 12 \u4e2a ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u666e\u901a <code>echo<\/code> \u53e6\u52a0 1 \u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u663e\u793a 13 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u636e\u6b64\u63a8\u65ad\u201c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7b49\u5b57\u7b26\u5728 UTF-8 \u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12\uff5cgrep\uff1a\u4ece\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u7b5b\u9009\u5339\u914d\u884c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u672c\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep \"\u6a21\u5f0f\" \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6574\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1b\u50cf <code>ERROR<\/code> \u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u542b\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6309\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7406\u89e3\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/grep\/grep.1.en.html\" title=\"grep manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1agrep \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u65e5\u5fd7 <code>slam.log<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;INFO] LiDAR connected\n&#91;WARN] Scan frequency low\n&#91;ERROR] TF map to odom missing\n&#91;INFO] Mapping started\n&#91;error] Motor driver timeout\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u7ed3\u679c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>grep \"ERROR\" slam.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5927\u5199 <code>ERROR<\/code> \u90a3\u4e00\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep -i \"error\" slam.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u5339\u914d\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e24\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep -n \"WARN\" slam.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u5339\u914d\u8b66\u544a\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7 <code>2:<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep -in \"error\" slam.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u5339\u914d\u9519\u8bef\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7 <code>3:<\/code>\u3001<code>5:<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-i<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1b<code>-n<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u53f7\uff1b<code>-in<\/code> \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e <code>-i -n<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\/grep_practice\ngrep \"INFO\" slam.log\ngrep -n \"WARN\" slam.log\ngrep -in \"error\" slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>3:&#91;ERROR] TF map to odom missing\n5:&#91;error] Motor driver timeout\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8865\u5145\uff1a\u5b57\u9762\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5199\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u80cc\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -F \"&#91;ERROR]\" slam.log\ngrep -in -C 2 \"error\" slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-F<\/code> \u6309\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u627e\u5e26\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7b49\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff1b\u5426\u5219 <code>[ERROR]<\/code> \u5728\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u53e6\u6709\u542b\u4e49\u3002<code>-C 2<\/code> \u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u524d\u540e\u5404\u4e24\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 <code>grep<\/code> \u4e5f\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u53ea\u662f <code>less<\/code> \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u7531\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/grep\/grep.1.en.html\" title=\"grep manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1agrep \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u6587\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f\u3002\u5e94\u533a\u5206\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13\uff5cfind\uff1a\u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u672c\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \u641c\u7d22\u8d77\u70b9 \u6761\u4ef6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>find<\/code> \u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8d77\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/findutils\/find.1.en.html\" title=\"find manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1afind \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7528\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>find . -type f<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>find . -type d<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>find . -type f -name \"*.py\"<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5 <code>.py<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>find . -type f -name \"*.yaml\"<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5 <code>.yaml<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>find src -type f -name \"*.py\"<\/code><\/td><td>\u53ea\u5728 <code>src<\/code> \u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>f<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<code>d<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<code>-name<\/code> \u5339\u914d\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\u7701\u7565 <code>-type f<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5 <code>.py<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\/find_practice\nfind . -type f -name \"*.py\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.\/src\/lidar.py\n.\/src\/slam.py\n.\/main.py\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find src -type f -name \"*.py\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>src\/lidar.py\nsrc\/slam.py\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>main.py<\/code> \u4e0d\u5728 <code>src<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 <code>\"*.py\"<\/code> \u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u628a <code>*.py<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea4\u7ed9 <code>find<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9 Shell \u5148\u5c06\u5176\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<code>*<\/code> \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8868\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/findutils\/find.1.en.html\" title=\"find manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1afind \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a<code>grep<\/code> \u641c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c<code>find<\/code> \u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u627e\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14\uff5cless\uff1a\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u641c\u7d22<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less slam.log\nless -N slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>less<\/code> \u9002\u5408\u9605\u8bfb\u957f\u6587\u672c\uff1b\u5927\u5199 <code>-N<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\u3002\u666e\u901a\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/less\/less.1.en.html\" title=\"less manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aless \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u952e\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728 Shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6309\u952e<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7a7a\u683c<\/td><td>\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u5c4f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>b<\/code><\/td><td>\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u4e00\u5c4f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>g<\/code><\/td><td>\u56de\u5230\u5f00\u5934<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>G<\/code>\uff0c\u5373 <code>Shift + G<\/code><\/td><td>\u8df3\u5230\u672b\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\/\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/code>\uff0c\u518d\u6309 Enter<\/td><td>\u671d\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u65b9\u5411\u641c\u7d22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>n<\/code><\/td><td>\u6cbf\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5411\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u5904\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>N<\/code><\/td><td>\u6cbf\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u5bfb\u627e\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>q<\/code><\/td><td>\u9000\u51fa\u9605\u8bfb\u5668<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>seq 1 120 &gt; long.txt\nless -N long.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>seq<\/code> \u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210 1 \u5230 120\u3001\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u53ef\u8f93\u5165 <code>\/80<\/code> \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6309 <code>G<\/code> \u8df3\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0e grep \u642d\u914d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -in \"error\" slam.log\nless -N slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u8005\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5411\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u9605\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ba4\u4e3a <code>less<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684 <code>\/ERROR<\/code> \u4e0e <code>grep -i \"error\"<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15\uff5cchmod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aChange Mode\u3002<\/strong> <code>chmod<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/chmod.1.en.html\" title=\"chmod manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1achmod \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwxr-xr--\n\u2502\u2514\u2500\u252c\u2518\u2514\u2500\u252c\u2518\u2514\u2500\u252c\u2518\n\u2502  u   g   o\n\u2502\n\u2514\u2500 \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u90e8\u5206<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u5f00\u5934\u7684 <code>-<\/code> \u6216 <code>d<\/code><\/td><td>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>u<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e09\u4f4d<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>g<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u4e09\u4f4d<\/td><td>\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>o<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ec4\u4e09\u4f4d<\/td><td>\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>r<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>w<\/code><\/td><td>\u5199\u5165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>x<\/code><\/td><td>\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u904d\u5386\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7ec4\u5185\u7684 <code>-<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8be5\u9879\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b26\u53f7\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+x hello.sh\nchmod u-x hello.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u79fb\u9664\u5b83\uff1b\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5199\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>u<\/code> \/ <code>g<\/code> \/ <code>o<\/code> \/ <code>a<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u8005 \/ \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 \/ \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237 \/ \u4e09\u7c7b\u5168\u90e8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>+<\/code><\/td><td>\u589e\u52a0\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>=<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6570\u5b57\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u5206\u522b\u76f8\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r = 4\nw = 2\nx = 1\n\nrwx = 7\nrw- = 6\nr-x = 5\nr-- = 4\n--- = 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6570\u5b57<\/th><th>\u6743\u9650<\/th><th>\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>755<\/code><\/td><td><code>rwxr-xr-x<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>644<\/code><\/td><td><code>rw-r--r--<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8bfb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>600<\/code><\/td><td><code>rw-------<\/code><\/td><td>\u53ea\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5177\u5907\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>777<\/code><\/td><td><code>rwxrwxrwx<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>chmod 644<\/code> \u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6709\u6743\u9650\u4e0a\u201c\u52a0 644\u201d\u3002\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e2d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/chmod.1.en.html\" title=\"chmod manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1achmod \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6743\u9650<\/th><th>\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/th><th>\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>r<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>w<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700 <code>x<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>x<\/code><\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c<\/td><td>\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u77e5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u6761\u76ee<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5199\u5165\u3001\u904d\u5386\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u8eab\u6709\u65e0 <code>w<\/code>\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd8\u53d7\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u3001ACL\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/html_node\/Mode-Structure.html\" title=\"GNU file mode bits\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u7ed3\u6784<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/path_resolution.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux pathname resolution\">\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u6709 <code>777<\/code>\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4ece\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u5165\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u7ed9\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5f88\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u66f4\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u811a\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\necho \"Hello Linux!\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u521d\u59cb                  -rw-rw-r--\nchmod u+x hello.sh    -rwxrw-r--\nchmod u-x hello.sh    -rw-rw-r--\nchmod 755 hello.sh    -rwxr-xr-x\nchmod 644 hello.sh    -rw-r--r--\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u5907\u5408\u9002\u6743\u9650\u4e14\u73af\u5883\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.\/hello.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Hello Linux!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>.\/<\/code> \u6307\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u811a\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c <code>#!\/bin\/bash<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u79fb\u9664\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c <code>.\/hello.sh<\/code>\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u4e14\u80fd\u6267\u884c Bash \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bash hello.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u65f6\u662f Bash \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8d4b\u4e88 <code>x<\/code> \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u7b49\u4ecd\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>chmod<\/code> \u6539\u53d8\u6743\u9650\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u95f4 <code>ctime<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4 <code>mtime<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>ls -l<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u5c5e\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/coreutils.html\" title=\"GNU Coreutils\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aGNU Coreutils<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16\uff5csudo\uff1a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u83b7\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u6309\u7167\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1bUbuntu \u5e38\u89c1\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a <code>root<\/code>\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/sudo\/sudo.8.en.html\" title=\"sudo manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1asudo \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>whoami\nsudo whoami\nwhoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>username\nroot\nusername\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5 <code>root<\/code> \u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u666e\u901a Shell \u6c38\u4e45\u5207\u6362\u4e3a <code>root<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u6388\u6743<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e38\u89c1\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u56de\u663e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u6548\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u7b56\u7565\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u8be2\u95ee\u3002\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5e94\u590d\u5236\u5230\u804a\u5929\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5219<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f16\u8f91\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u65e5\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 Ubuntu \u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u52a0 <code>sudo<\/code>\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u9700\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5 <code>sudo<\/code>\u3002<code>sudo -i<\/code>\u3001<code>sudo -s<\/code> \u7b49\u542f\u52a8\u9ad8\u6743\u9650 Shell \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u53e6\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17\uff5capt\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>apt<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 <code>sudo<\/code>\uff1b\u5199\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.ubuntu.com\/manpages\/noble\/man8\/apt.8.txt\" title=\"Ubuntu APT manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aAPT \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>apt --version<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a APT \u7248\u672c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>apt search tree<\/code><\/td><td>\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>apt show tree<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ca\u8bf4\u660e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>sudo apt update<\/code><\/td><td>\u5237\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>sudo apt install tree<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\uff1b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5347\u7ea7\u8be5\u5305<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>apt list --installed tree<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5b89\u88c5\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u53ef\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\uff1b\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u65b0\u589e\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5347\u7ea7\u79fb\u9664\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>sudo apt remove tree<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4fdd\u7559\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>update<\/code> \u5237\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c<code>upgrade<\/code> \u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/strong> <code>update<\/code> \u4e0d\u662f\u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5e26 <code>[\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5]<\/code> \u6807\u8bb0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt list --installed tree\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u673a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u4e0e\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">tree \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tree -L 2 ~\/linux_practice\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-L 2<\/code> \u9650\u5236\u5c55\u793a\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u6b21\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u672a\u5c55\u5f00\u5c42\u7ea7\u548c\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u9012\u5f52\u603b\u6570\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/tree\/tree.1.en.html\" title=\"tree manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1atree \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u7684\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8054\u7f51\u5237\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\u62a5\u9519\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u524d\u5e94\u9605\u8bfb\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u5305\u3002\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e3a\u7ec3\u4e60\u968f\u610f\u6267\u884c\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u5378\u8f7d\u5f00\u53d1\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e94\u5b89\u6392\u597d\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">18\uff5cps\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u7167<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\uff1aProcess Status\u3002<\/strong> <code>ps<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u523b\u9009\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/ps.1.en.html\" title=\"procps ps manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aps \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ps<\/code><\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u67e5\u770b\u540c\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u3001\u540c\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps aux<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7528\u6237\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u683c\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps -p 1234<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u6307\u5b9a PID \u67e5\u8be2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps -p $$ -o pid,ppid,stat,comm<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>1234<\/code> \u53ea\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e PID\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5b57\u6bb5<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>PID<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>PPID<\/code><\/td><td>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>TTY<\/code><\/td><td>\u5173\u8054\u7ec8\u7aef\uff1b<code>?<\/code> \u5e38\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>STAT<\/code><\/td><td>\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u9644\u52a0\u6807\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>TIME<\/code><\/td><td>\u7d2f\u8ba1 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5899\u949f\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>%CPU<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u7b49\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u5b9e\u65f6\u8bfb\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>%MEM<\/code><\/td><td>\u9a7b\u7559\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>COMM<\/code> \/ <code>COMMAND<\/code><\/td><td>\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u6216\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>STAT<\/code> \u4e2d <code>S<\/code> \u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff0c<code>R<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\uff1b\u5c0f\u5199 <code>s<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9996\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/ps.1.en.html\" title=\"procps ps manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aps \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u67e5\u8be2\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sleep 120 &amp;\ntest_pid=$!\necho \"$test_pid\"\nps -p \"$test_pid\" -o pid,ppid,stat,comm\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sleep<\/code> \u7b49\u5f85 120 \u79d2\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\uff1b<code>&amp;<\/code> \u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5165\u540e\u53f0\uff1b<code>$!<\/code> \u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u8fd1\u653e\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1 PID\uff1b<code>$$<\/code> \u5219\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684 PID\u3002\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6 <code>test_pid=$!<\/code> \u7684\u7b49\u53f7\u4e24\u4fa7\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Special-Parameters.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Special Parameters\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0e grep \u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps aux | grep '&#91;s]lam_toolbox'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b5b\u9009\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b<code>[s]<\/code> \u5728\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26 <code>s<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u907f\u514d\u5339\u914d\u641c\u7d22\u7528\u7684 <code>grep<\/code> \u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6b64\u542f\u52a8\u771f\u5b9e\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">19\uff5ckill\uff1a\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>kill<\/code> \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/kill.1.en.html\" title=\"kill manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1akill \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5199\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>kill PID<\/code><\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u675f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>kill -15 PID<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>kill -9 PID<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d1\u9001 SIGKILL\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>kill -0 PID<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u53ea\u505a\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8868\u4e2d\u7684 <code>PID<\/code> \u662f\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SIGTERM \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff1bSIGKILL \u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6355\u83b7\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u6e05\u7406\u3002<code>Ctrl + C<\/code> \u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u5411\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001 SIGINT\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u56e0\u6b64\u9000\u51fa\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/signal.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux signal overview\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aLinux \u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b89\u5168\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u5bf9\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684 <code>sleep<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sleep 600 &amp;\ntest_pid=$!\necho \"$test_pid\"\nps -p \"$test_pid\" -o pid,stat,args\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u521a\u542f\u52a8\u7684 <code>sleep 600<\/code>\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kill \"$test_pid\"\nps -p \"$test_pid\" -o pid,stat,args\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u5e38\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u518d\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5269\u8868\u5934\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u77ed\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65e7 PID \u76f4\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0cPID \u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u590d\u7528\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u7167\u6284\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u5b57\u53bb\u7ed3\u675f\u771f\u5b9e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u7684 ROS 2 \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u5728\u539f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c1d\u8bd5 <code>Ctrl + C<\/code>\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u6838\u5bf9 PID\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">20\uff5csystemctl\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u53ea\u8bfb\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>systemctl<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63a7\u5236 systemd \u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u5355\u5143\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedesktop.org\/software\/systemd\/man\/latest\/systemctl.html\" title=\"systemctl manual\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1asystemctl \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u64cd\u4f5c<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>status<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>start<\/code><\/td><td>\u73b0\u5728\u542f\u52a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>stop<\/code><\/td><td>\u73b0\u5728\u505c\u6b62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>restart<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u542f\uff1b\u5c1a\u672a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>enable<\/code><\/td><td>\u6839\u636e\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>disable<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u9664\u76f8\u5e94\u542f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status --no-pager systemd-journald.service\nsystemctl is-active systemd-journald.service\nsystemctl is-enabled systemd-journald.service\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>--no-pager<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u6309 <code>q<\/code> \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>active (running)<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff1b<code>Main PID<\/code> \u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<code>is-active<\/code> \u7684 <code>active<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u6301\u7eed\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f <code>active (exited)<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><code>start<\/code> \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e <code>enable<\/code>\uff0c<code>stop<\/code> \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e <code>disable<\/code>\u3002<\/strong> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u542f\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\uff1b\u88ab\u7981\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5143\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\u62c9\u8d77\u3002<code>is-enabled<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa <code>static<\/code> \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4f9b\u666e\u901a <code>enable<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u505c\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001SSH \u6216\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u5145\u5206\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u968f\u610f\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u62a5\u9519<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7ae0\u96c6\u4e2d\u6574\u7406\u6613\u6df7\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u62a5\u9519\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u516b\u7ec4\u91cd\u70b9\u5bf9\u7167<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5bf9\u7167<\/th><th>\u533a\u522b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>pwd<\/code> \/ <code>ls<\/code> \/ <code>cd<\/code><\/td><td>\u770b\u4f4d\u7f6e \/ \u770b\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u5355 \/ \u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>mkdir<\/code> \/ <code>touch<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cp<\/code> \/ <code>mv<\/code><\/td><td>\u590d\u5236\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u4ef6 \/ \u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u6539\u540d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cat<\/code> \/ <code>nano<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c \/ \u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep<\/code> \/ <code>find<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5339\u914d \/ \u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u627e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep<\/code> \/ <code>less<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u7b5b\u9009\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u4e3b \/ \u4ee5\u4ea4\u4e92\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>sudo<\/code> \/ <code>chmod<\/code><\/td><td>\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8eab\u4efd \/ \u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps<\/code> \/ <code>kill<\/code> \/ <code>systemctl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u7a0b \/ \u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u4fe1\u53f7 \/ \u7ba1\u7406 systemd \u5355\u5143<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be5\u8868\u6982\u62ec\u524d\u6587\u5bf9\u5e94\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d6\u4ee3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5199\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>grep -i<\/code><\/td><td>\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cp -i<\/code>\u3001<code>mv -i<\/code><\/td><td>\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u8be2\u95ee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>rm -i<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u524d\u8be2\u95ee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep -n<\/code>\u3001<code>cat -n<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>less -N<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5927\u5199<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>less<\/code> \u5185\u90e8\u6309 <code>n<\/code><\/td><td>\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>mkdir -p<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps -p<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309 PID \u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cp -p<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fdd\u7559\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5f53\u4f5c\u6240\u6709 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0a\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u89c1\u5404\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u9519\u8bef\u6392\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<strong>\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pwd\nls -lah\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u968f\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\nls -ld \u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u673a\u68b0\u7167\u6284\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u63d0\u793a\u6216\u73b0\u8c61<\/th><th>\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0<\/th><th>\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>No such file or directory<\/code><\/td><td>\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5bf9<\/td><td><code>pwd<\/code>\uff0c\u518d <code>ls<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cannot access 'l'<\/code><\/td><td>\u628a <code>ls -l<\/code> \u5199\u6210 <code>ls l<\/code><\/td><td>\u8865\u4e0a\u9009\u9879\u524d\u7684 <code>-<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>File exists<\/code><\/td><td>\u666e\u901a <code>mkdir<\/code> \u9047\u5230\u540c\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td><td>\u7528 <code>ls -ld<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>Permission denied<\/code><\/td><td>\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u904d\u5386\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5148\u52a0 <code>sudo<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>command not found<\/code><\/td><td>\u547d\u4ee4\u62fc\u9519\u3001\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u4e0d\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84<\/td><td>\u6838\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u672c\u5730\u811a\u672c\u6ce8\u610f <code>.\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>grep<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u6587\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><td>\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cat<\/code> \u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td><code>ls -l<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>cp<\/code> \u62a5\u544a\u76ee\u5f55\u672a\u88ab\u590d\u5236<\/td><td>\u6e90\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u4f46\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u9009\u9879<\/td><td>\u786e\u8ba4\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7528 <code>-r<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>ps -p<\/code> \u53ea\u5269\u8868\u5934<\/td><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/td><td>\u6838\u5bf9 PID \u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u8bca\u65ad\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982 <code>Permission denied<\/code> \u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 <code>chmod<\/code> \u89e3\u51b3\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/path_resolution.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux pathname resolution\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u5b89\u5168\u4e60\u60ef<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6d89\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/strong> <code>&gt;<\/code> \u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\uff1b<code>&gt;&gt;<\/code> \u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u8ffd\u52a0\uff1b<code>cp<\/code>\u3001<code>mv<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\uff1b<code>rm<\/code> \u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u684c\u9762\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u5f0f\u6062\u590d\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u5148\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec3\u4e60\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6d89\u53ca\u6743\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u6388\u4e88\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0d\u628a <code>777<\/code> \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e07\u80fd\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u76f2\u76ee\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 <code>x<\/code> \u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6d89\u53ca\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/strong> PID \u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u505c\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u3001SSH\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u524d\u5e94\u4e86\u89e3\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/strong> <code>mkdir<\/code>\u3001<code>touch<\/code>\u3001<code>chmod<\/code> \u7b49\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7 <code>ls<\/code>\u3001<code>cat<\/code>\u3001<code>ps<\/code> \u6216\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u8be2\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7528 20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c06 20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e32\u8054\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u811a\u672c\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u51e0\u884c\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u542f\u52a8\u771f\u5b9e ROS 2 \u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u771f\u5b9e SLAM \u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u73af\u5883\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong> \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e <code>~\/linux_practice\/final_review<\/code>\uff1b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u505a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9636\u6bb5<\/th><th>\u76ee\u6807<\/th><th>\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A<\/td><td>\u5efa\u7acb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/td><td><code>mkdir<\/code>\u3001<code>cd<\/code>\u3001<code>pwd<\/code>\u3001<code>ls<\/code>\u3001<code>touch<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B<\/td><td>\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u62df\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><td><code>nano<\/code>\u3001<code>chmod<\/code>\u3001<code>echo<\/code>\u3001<code>cat<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C<\/td><td>\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><code>cp<\/code>\u3001<code>mv<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D<\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/td><td><code>find<\/code>\u3001<code>grep<\/code>\u3001<code>less<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E<\/td><td>\u786e\u8ba4\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u53d6\u6d88\u5220\u9664<\/td><td><code>rm<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F<\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><td><code>ps<\/code>\u3001<code>kill<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>G<\/td><td>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u670d\u52a1<\/td><td><code>sudo<\/code>\u3001<code>apt<\/code>\u3001<code>systemctl<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A\uff5c\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd ~\/linux_practice\npwd\nmkdir final_review\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82e5 <code>final_review<\/code> \u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u505c\u6b62\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u5982\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd final_review\nmkdir -p src config logs backup\ntouch notes.txt\npwd\nls -lah\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/username\/linux_practice\/final_review\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>notes.txt<\/code> \u4e3a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u56db\u9879\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\uff5c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nano src\/run.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Nano \u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b<strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\necho \"&#91;INFO] LiDAR connected\"\necho \"&#91;WARN] Scan frequency low\"\necho \"&#91;ERROR] TF map to odom missing\"\necho \"&#91;INFO] Mapping started\"\necho \"&#91;error] Motor driver timeout\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6309 <code>Ctrl + O<\/code>\u3001Enter\u3001<code>Ctrl + X<\/code> \u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u56de\u5230 Shell \u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat -n src\/run.sh\nchmod u+x src\/run.sh\nls -l src\/run.sh\n.\/src\/run.sh &gt; logs\/slam.log\ncat -n logs\/slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>.\/src\/run.sh<\/code> \u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c<code>&gt;<\/code> \u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5165\u8be5\u7ec3\u4e60\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u91cd\u5199\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     1  &#91;INFO] LiDAR connected\n     2  &#91;WARN] Scan frequency low\n     3  &#91;ERROR] TF map to odom missing\n     4  &#91;INFO] Mapping started\n     5  &#91;error] Motor driver timeout\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\uff5c\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u590d\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo \"mode: practice\" &gt; config\/slam.yaml\ncat config\/slam.yaml\ncp -i config\/slam.yaml backup\/slam.yaml\nmv -i backup\/slam.yaml backup\/slam_backup.yaml\nls -l config\/slam.yaml backup\/slam_backup.yaml\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>mode: practice<\/code> \u4ec5\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u6587\u5b57\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e SLAM Toolbox \u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u677f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u539f\u914d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u5728\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u5df2\u6539\u540d\uff0c<code>backup\/slam.yaml<\/code> \u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\uff5c\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6392\u67e5\u6a21\u62df\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find . -type f -name \"*.yaml\"\ngrep -in \"error\" logs\/slam.log\ngrep -n \"WARN\" logs\/slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f YAML \u8def\u5f84\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.\/config\/slam.yaml\n.\/backup\/slam_backup.yaml\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\u9519\u8bef\u5339\u914d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>3:&#91;ERROR] TF map to odom missing\n5:&#91;error] Motor driver timeout\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ee7\u7eed\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less -N logs\/slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165 <code>\/ERROR<\/code> \u5e76\u6309 Enter\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309 <code>q<\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728 <code>less<\/code> \u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u7c98\u8d34 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E\uff5c\u7ec3\u4e60\u5220\u9664\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0e\u53d6\u6d88<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>touch delete_me.txt keep_me.txt\nls -l delete_me.txt keep_me.txt\nrm -i delete_me.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u786e\u8ba4\u8be2\u95ee\u6307\u5411 <code>delete_me.txt<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 <code>y<\/code> \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rm -i keep_me.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u8f93\u5165 <code>n<\/code> \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u3002\u6700\u540e\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e94\u770b\u5230 <code>keep_me.txt<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u770b\u5230 <code>delete_me.txt<\/code>\u3002<code>y<\/code> \u6216 <code>n<\/code> \u662f\u5728 <code>rm<\/code> \u7684\u8be2\u95ee\u5904\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u666e\u901a Shell \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F\uff5c\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ec8\u7aef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sleep 600 &amp;\ntest_pid=$!\necho \"$test_pid\"\nps -p \"$test_pid\" -o pid,ppid,stat,args\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684 <code>sleep 600<\/code> \u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kill \"$test_pid\"\nps -p \"$test_pid\" -o pid,ppid,stat,args\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9884\u671f\uff1a\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM \u524d\u53ef\u67e5\u5230\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u82e5\u8fd4\u56de <code>No such process<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u81ea\u7136\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a PID \u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\uff5c\u67e5\u8be2\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>whoami\nsudo whoami\nwhoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>username\nroot\nusername\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt show tree\napt list --installed tree\ntree -L 3 ~\/linux_practice\/final_review\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status --no-pager systemd-journald.service\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c20 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5747\u5df2\u8986\u76d6\uff1b\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u793a\u4f8b\u989d\u5916\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u5b8c\u6210\u6807\u51c6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u68c0\u67e5\u9879<\/th><th>\u5e94\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u8def\u5f84<\/td><td>\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e <code>src\/run.sh<\/code> \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td>\u914d\u7f6e\u539f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u5747\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5305\u542b 5 \u884c\u6a21\u62df\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6743\u9650<\/td><td>\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u811a\u672c\u4e3a\u4f55\u53ef\u7528 <code>.\/src\/run.sh<\/code> \u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u641c\u7d22<\/td><td>\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u627e\u5230\u7b2c 3\u30015 \u884c\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u9605\u8bfb<\/td><td>\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165 <code>less<\/code>\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5220\u9664<\/td><td><code>delete_me.txt<\/code> \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c<code>keep_me.txt<\/code> \u4fdd\u7559<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><td>\u4ec5\u5bf9\u672c\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7684 <code>sleep<\/code> \u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><td>\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3001root\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001\u81ea\u6d4b\u9898\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7ec4\u9898\u76ee\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u68c0\u9a8c\u201c\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u4f1a\u5199\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u81ea\u6d4b\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7f16\u53f7<\/th><th>\u95ee\u9898<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>\/home\/username\/ros2_ws\/src<\/code>\uff0c\u6267\u884c <code>cd ..<\/code> \u540e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u6267\u884c <code>cd ~<\/code> \u53c8\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><code>ls -l backup<\/code> \u4e0e <code>ls -ld backup<\/code> \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6 <code>main.py<\/code> \u5df2\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884c <code>touch main.py<\/code> \u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5417\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><code>project_backup<\/code> \u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a <code>project<\/code>\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u600e\u6837\u628a\u5f53\u524d <code>data.txt<\/code> \u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5df2\u6709 <code>results<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u540d\u4e3a <code>data_old.txt<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u786e\u8ba4\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><code>rm -i a.txt<\/code> \u7684\u8be2\u95ee\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165 <code>n<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u5728\u5417\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><code>a.txt<\/code> \u662f\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684 <code>Hello<\/code>\uff0c\u6267\u884c <code>echo \"Ubuntu\" &gt;&gt; a.txt<\/code> \u540e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f\u6362\u6210 <code>&gt;<\/code> \u5462\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>\u5982\u4f55\u5728 <code>slam.log<\/code> \u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u641c\u7d22 <code>error<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>\u5982\u4f55\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709 <code>.yaml<\/code> \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6a21\u5f0f\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>\u5728 <code>less<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c<code>g<\/code>\u3001<code>G<\/code>\u3001<code>q<\/code> \u5404\u8868\u793a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1fNano \u600e\u6837\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td><code>644<\/code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ec0\u4e48\u6743\u9650\uff1f<code>chmod u+x<\/code> \u4e0e <code>chmod 755<\/code> \u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u5417\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 <code>whoami \u2192 sudo whoami \u2192 whoami<\/code> \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u4e5f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210 root\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td><code>apt update<\/code> \u4e0e <code>apt upgrade<\/code> \u7684\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>\u5f53\u524d Shell PID \u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1 PID \u5206\u522b\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td><code>kill PID<\/code> \u4e0e <code>kill -9 PID<\/code> \u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td><code>systemctl start<\/code> \u4e0e <code>systemctl enable<\/code> \u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1\uff0e<\/strong> <code>cd ..<\/code> \u8fdb\u5165 <code>\/home\/username\/ros2_ws<\/code>\uff1b<code>cd ~<\/code> \u8fdb\u5165 <code>\/home\/username<\/code>\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2\uff0e<\/strong> <code>ls -l backup<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u89c1\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<code>ls -ld backup<\/code> \u663e\u793a <code>backup<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3\uff0e<\/strong> \u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u66f4\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4\uff0e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp -r project project_backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f <code>project_backup\/project\/<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u66ff\u6362\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5\uff0e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mv -i data.txt results\/data_old.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6\uff0e<\/strong> \u8fd8\u5728\u3002<code>n<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u3002<code>-i<\/code> \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u53d7\u5230\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7\uff0e<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528 <code>&gt;&gt;<\/code> \u65f6\u4fdd\u7559 <code>Hello<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u8ffd\u52a0 <code>Ubuntu<\/code>\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>&gt;<\/code> \u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5269 <code>Ubuntu<\/code>\u3002\u539f\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8ffd\u52a0\u540e\u662f\u5426\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8\uff0e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -in \"error\" slam.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9\uff0e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find . -type f -name \"*.yaml\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f15\u53f7\u4f7f Shell \u4e0d\u63d0\u524d\u5c55\u5f00 <code>*<\/code>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea4\u7ed9 <code>find<\/code> \u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10\uff0e<\/strong> <code>g<\/code> \u5230\u5f00\u5934\uff0c<code>G<\/code> \u5230\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c<code>q<\/code> \u9000\u51fa\uff1bNano \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f <code>Ctrl + O \u2192 Enter \u2192 Ctrl + X<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11\uff0e<\/strong> <code>644<\/code> \u5bf9\u5e94 <code>rw-r--r--<\/code>\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u4e3a <code>-rw-r--r--<\/code>\u3002<code>chmod u+x<\/code> \u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684 <code>x<\/code>\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u9650\uff1b<code>chmod 755<\/code> \u660e\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e09\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12\uff0e<\/strong> \u666e\u901a <code>sudo \u547d\u4ee4<\/code> \u4ee5\u76ee\u6807\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u7236 Shell \u6c38\u4e45\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a root\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>13\uff0e<\/strong> <code>update<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7d22\u5f15\uff1b<code>upgrade<\/code> \u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6761\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>14\uff0e<\/strong> <code>$$<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684 PID\uff1b<code>$!<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6700\u8fd1\u653e\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1 PID\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>test_pid=$!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>15\uff0e<\/strong> \u9ed8\u8ba4 <code>kill<\/code> \u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff1b<code>kill -9<\/code> \u53d1\u9001 SIGKILL\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6355\u83b7\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u9000\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u6e05\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16\uff0e<\/strong> <code>start<\/code> \u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8\uff1b<code>enable<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u542f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u62c9\u8d77\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e76\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e03\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 \u6309\u4efb\u52a1\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6309\u5e8f\u53f7\u6b7b\u8bb0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3b\u9898<\/th><th>\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u5e94\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/td><td><code>pwd<\/code>\u3001<code>ls<\/code>\u3001<code>cd<\/code>\u3001<code>mkdir<\/code>\u3001<code>touch<\/code>\u3001<code>cp<\/code>\u3001<code>mv<\/code>\u3001<code>rm<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u6539\u540d\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/td><td><code>cat<\/code>\u3001<code>nano<\/code>\u3001<code>echo<\/code>\u3001<code>grep<\/code>\u3001<code>find<\/code>\u3001<code>less<\/code><\/td><td>\u7f16\u8f91\u811a\u672c\u3001\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><td><code>chmod<\/code>\u3001<code>sudo<\/code>\u3001<code>apt<\/code>\u3001<code>ps<\/code>\u3001<code>kill<\/code>\u3001<code>systemctl<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9047\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u518d\u9009\u62e9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709 YAML \u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94 <code>find<\/code>\uff1b\u201c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u9519\u8bef\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94 <code>grep<\/code>\uff1b\u201c\u89c2\u5bdf\u62a5\u9519\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u9002\u5408 <code>less<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u672c\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u9605<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u67e5\u9605\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u672c\u6587\u6863\u7684 20 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls --help\ngrep --help\nman chmod\nhelp cd\nhelp echo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>man<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u624b\u518c\uff1bBash \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>help<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u6838\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u624b\u518c\u8fdb\u5165\u5206\u9875\u754c\u9762\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u6309 <code>q<\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Bash-Builtins.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Bash Builtins\">\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBash \u5185\u5efa\u5e2e\u52a9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3 \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u6587\u5df2\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u8bf4\u660e\u65c1\u6807\u6ce8\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5747\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6216\u7531 Ubuntu\u3001Debian \u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u968f\u9644\u624b\u518c\uff1b\u672c\u6587\u6863\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u672c\u673a\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4e0e\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u8303\u56f4<\/th><th>\u8d44\u6599<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Shell \u4e0e\u8def\u5f84<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/bash\/bash.1.en.html\" title=\"Bash manual\">Bash \u624b\u518c<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Bourne Shell Builtins\">cd \u7b49\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Bash-Builtins.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Bash Builtins\">echo \u4e0e\u5185\u5efa\u5e2e\u52a9<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Special-Parameters.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Special Parameters\">\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/bash\/manual\/html_node\/Redirections.html\" title=\"GNU Bash: Redirections\">\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/path_resolution.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux pathname resolution\">\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/pwd.1.en.html\" title=\"pwd manual\">pwd<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/ls.1.en.html\" title=\"ls manual\">ls<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/mkdir.1.en.html\" title=\"mkdir manual\">mkdir<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/touch.1.en.html\" title=\"touch manual\">touch<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/cp.1.en.html\" title=\"cp manual\">cp<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/mv.1.en.html\" title=\"mv manual\">mv<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/rm.1.en.html\" title=\"rm manual\">rm<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/cat.1.en.html\" title=\"cat manual\">cat<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0e\u68c0\u7d22<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nano-editor.org\/dist\/latest\/cheatsheet.html\" title=\"GNU nano shortcut overview\">Nano \u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/grep\/grep.1.en.html\" title=\"grep manual\">grep<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/findutils\/find.1.en.html\" title=\"find manual\">find<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/less\/less.1.en.html\" title=\"less manual\">less<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/coreutils\/chmod.1.en.html\" title=\"chmod manual\">chmod<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/html_node\/Mode-Structure.html\" title=\"GNU file mode bits\">\u6743\u9650\u7ed3\u6784<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/coreutils.html\" title=\"GNU Coreutils\">GNU Coreutils \u624b\u518c<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/sudo\/sudo.8.en.html\" title=\"sudo manual\">sudo<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.ubuntu.com\/manpages\/noble\/man8\/apt.8.txt\" title=\"Ubuntu APT manual\">APT<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/tree\/tree.1.en.html\" title=\"tree manual\">tree<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/ps.1.en.html\" title=\"procps ps manual\">ps<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/procps\/kill.1.en.html\" title=\"kill manual\">kill<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/bookworm\/manpages\/signal.7.en.html\" title=\"Linux signal overview\">Linux \u4fe1\u53f7<\/a>\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedesktop.org\/software\/systemd\/man\/latest\/systemctl.html\" title=\"systemctl manual\">systemctl<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u64cd\u4f5c\u8def\u7ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\n        \u2193\n\u660e\u786e\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5220\u9664\n        \u2193\n\u9009\u62e9\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\n        \u2193\n\u6d89\u53ca\u8986\u76d6\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u6838\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\n        \u2193\n\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u638c\u63e1\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb0\u4f4f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5b83\u5904\u7406\u8c01\u3001\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u600e\u6837\u786e\u8ba4\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9762\u5411 Linux \u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u6309\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5 \u2192 \u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 \u2192 \u6613\u6df7\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":520,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions\/520"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geocommunity.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}